A recent comprehensive study involving researchers from Italy and Uruguay has highlighted the increasing prevalence of canine leishmaniasis globally, with an estimated 15.2% infection rate worldwide. This zoonotic disease, transmitted by sandfly bites, primarily affects domestic dogs, causing severe health issues and posing a significant public health risk.
The study analyzed 150 cross-sectional studies from 1990 to 2020, using data from four electronic databases. The results showed a higher prevalence in rural dogs (19.5%) and owned dogs (16.5%). Diagnostic methods also influenced prevalence rates, with Western blot showing the highest at 32.9%, followed by cellular immunity tests (27.5%), ELISA (17%), PCR (16.9%), and others.
Key Findings:
- Prevalence Variation: The infection rates varied significantly based on geography, diagnostic methods, and dog population studied.
- Diagnostic Methods: Western blot (WB) and cellular immunity tests showed higher prevalence rates compared to other methods like PCR and ELISA.
- Geographic Bias: Certain diagnostic tests like WB and rapid DAT were primarily used in South American studies, indicating a regional bias.
- Temporal Bias: PCR-based diagnostics showed a temporal bias as they were not used before 2000.
The study underscores the critical role of veterinary training in combating this zoonosis. Continuous education and awareness can help mitigate the impact of leishmaniasis on both animals and humans.
With the high prevalence and significant health impacts of canine leishmaniasis, continuous efforts in veterinary education and advanced diagnostic techniques are crucial. By improving awareness and implementing effective solutions, we can reduce the disease’s impact on global health.
Source: https://www.animalshealth.es/
